动名词是名词还是动词

动名词是名词还是动词
动名词是名词还是动词

动名词是名词还是动词
是名词,动名词的用法1．动名词作主语.e.g.Laying eggs is the ant queen’s full-time job.产卵是蚁后的专职工作.Saying is easier than doing.说比做容易.在下面两种结构中,动名词也作主语.（1）为了保持句子平衡,通常用it作形式主语,而把真实主语动名词（短语）放在句末.e.g.Complaining to her is useless.对她抱怨毫无用处. 可转化为：It is useless complaining to her.It is no use crying over spilt milk.作无益的后悔是没有用的.It’s a waste of time arguing about it.辩论这事是浪费时间.（2）在There is no结构中,通常动名词.e.g.There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑.There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史车轮不可阻挡.注：动名词作主语通常表示泛指,而不定式作主语则指某一特定情景.e.g.Swimming is fun.(泛指)游泳很开心.To swim on such a hot day is fun.(特指)在这么炎热的天气里游泳很开心.2．动名词作宾语. 动名词作宾语通常是在某些动词后.高中阶段能接动名词作宾语的常见动词：mind（介意）, suggest（建议）, enjoy（欣赏,）, admit（承认）, appreciate（感激,欣赏）, avoid（避免）, delay（推迟）, dislike（不喜欢,厌恶）, escape（逃脱）, finish（完成）, forgive（宽恕）, imagine（想象）, keep（保持）, miss（错过）, practise（训练）, resist（抵抗,抵制）, risk（冒险）, deny（拒绝,否认）, consider（考虑）等. e.g.Many people enjoy sunbathing on the beach in summer. 夏季,很多人喜欢在沙滩日光浴.I suggest doing it in a different way.我建议用另一种方法做这件事. 因为动名词有名词的功能,所以也可以作介词宾语.动名词作介词宾语时,通常放在由动词或形容词与介词组成的动词短语或形容词短语后.此类短语有很多.如：look forward to（渴望,盼望）, be proud of（以……自豪）, be responsible for（对……负责）, insist on（坚持）, think of（考虑,想到）, dream of（梦想）, object to（反对,抗议）, hear of（听说）, prevent…from（防止,阻止）, keep…from（防止,阻止）, stop…from（防止,阻止）, be engaged in（从事于）, depend on（依靠,依赖）, thank…for（因……而道谢）, excuse…for（因……而道歉）, aim at（目的在于）, devote…to（献身于）, set about（着手做）, be/get used to（习惯于）, be fond of（喜欢）, be afraid of（害怕）, be tired of（对……厌烦）, succeed in（成功地做……）, be interested in（对……感兴趣）, be ashamed of（对……感到羞愧）等等.e.g.We were used to getting up early in the morning.我们以前习惯早起.I’m against inviting him to dinner.我反对邀请他来吃饭.They don’t feel like walking that much.他们不喜欢走那么多路.注意：（1）有些动词后面,如forget, remember, stop, try, mean等,既可跟动名词也可跟不定式作宾语,但是意义不一样.e.g.He forgot paying for the book.他忘了曾经付了买书的钱.(他付过钱了)He forgot to pay for the book.他忘了去付买书的钱.(他没有付过钱)（2）在有些句子中,介词常可省去.e.g.I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners.我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难.He used to spend a lot of time (in) playing games.过去他常花很多时间玩游戏.What can prevent us (from) getting married?有什么能阻止我们结婚?（3）动名词可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语,在句中作状语.e.g.He left ahead of time without saying a word.他一句话也没说就提前离开了.Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children.除了做饭和缝纫以外,她还要照顾四个孩子.On hearing the news, all the pupils jumped with joy.听到这个消息后,所有的学生都高兴得跳了起来.（4）want（需要）, need（需要）, deserve（值得）, require（需要）等词后,我们用动名词的主动形式表达被动意思.e.g.Your car needs filling. 你这车要充气了.This city deserves visiting.这座城市值得光顾一下.The problem requires studying carefully.这个问题需要认真研究.The trees want watering.这些树需要浇水了.3．动名词作表语.e.g.In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵.His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是收集邮票.The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令人困惑.4．动名词作定语.动名词作定语时一般前置,与所修饰的名词间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,表用途.reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池dining car 餐车 sleeping car 卧车singing competition 歌咏比赛 waiting room 候车室5．动名词作同位语e.g.His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变.三、动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构指动名词前有其逻辑主语.复合结构通常由“物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词所有格或者名词的普通格+动名词”构成,在句子开头时必须用物主代词和名词所有格,通常在句中作主语和宾语.e.g.His coming made us very happy.他的到来使我们大家都很高兴.He was awakened by someone’s knocking at the door.他被某人的敲门声吵醒了.I don’t mind your opening the window.我不介意你开窗.